I’ve spent a few hours troubleshooting the same on a raspberry pi 4-2G. Error messages match the above. It was a small sea of error -22 and -71 in the log files. The exception to your results is that I couldn’t even see a flash drive plugged in – no usb devices worked (at least that I tried). The devices were available and showed in lsusb if I switched to a generic linux image.
Downgrading to 2.80.5 resolves the USB bus issues and I can see the devices that are connected.
Thank you for the suggestion to downgrade releases.