I had a similar problem. This issue is being tracked here: USB GPS modules not appearing in >= 2.82.10+rev1 · Issue #695 · balena-os/balena-raspberrypi · GitHub
Discussion: USB problem with RPi4 (balenaOS 2.82.10+rev1) - #2 by fod_unit
Downgrading to balenaOS to 2.80.5+rev1 should help get you back running quickly (fingers crossed)