Thought I’d give an update.
IT WORKS.
Said bye bye to Balena. Said hello to Rufus. Chose the usb stick. Chose the iso file. Clicked Start. And then the magic.
Rufus told me that the iso file is a ISOHybrid-image. It said that when you have problems while booting, you should try to flash it in ‘DD-image-mode’ instead of ‘ISO-image-mode’. ISO-image-mode is recommended by Rufus. Ofcourse I chose DD-image-mode, because I had problems booting up (couldn’t load kernel).
And it worked. Got zero errors while booting from the usb stick. ‘Filesystem checked: 0 errors found’
I’m so happy right now haha.
I should mention that I chose the recommended ISO-image-mode a few days ago but then I still got the errors. The thing that saved it is the DD-image-mode.