I found your problem. In the kernel command line: Kernel command line: console=ttymxc0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk2p2 rootwait rw brcmfmac.sdio_wq_highpri=1.
The root parameter should be of type root=PARTUUID=9fb1643b-02 and not root=/dev/mmcblk2p2.
This means that you are lacking the Balena u-boot intergration patches. If you do have these patches applied then it means that the u-boot doesn’t run the Balena commands.