Using the old balenaOS version rpi3-64-2.94.4 it worked, so it seems like its an error that just has been introduced.
[Build] [gpsTime] Step 7/10 : COPY etc /etc/
[Build] [gpsTime] ---> 197362fc254a
[Build] [gpsTime] Step 8/10 : CMD ["/usr/app/start.sh"]
[Build] [gpsTime] ---> Running in f5625763b1c3
[Build] [gpsTime] Removing intermediate container f5625763b1c3
[Build] [gpsTime] ---> ff0ef967e9d7
[Build] [gpsTime] Step 9/10 : LABEL io.resin.local.image=1
[Build] [gpsTime] ---> Running in d604c1cb3198
[Build] [gpsTime] Removing intermediate container d604c1cb3198
[Build] [gpsTime] ---> 180752eb7b51
[Build] [gpsTime] Step 10/10 : LABEL io.resin.local.service=gpsTime
[Build] [gpsTime] ---> Running in 36972f64a97c
[Build] [gpsTime] Removing intermediate container 36972f64a97c
[Build] [gpsTime] ---> 9b77a21ffa7d
[Build] [gpsTime] Successfully built 9b77a21ffa7d
[Build] [gpsTime] Successfully tagged local_gpstime:latest
[Debug] Setting device state...
[Debug] Sending request to http://192.168.16.2:48484/v2/local/target-state
[Debug] Sending target state: {"local":{"name":"local","config":{"SUPERVISOR_POLL_INTERVAL":"900000","SUPERVISOR_INSTANT_UPDATE_TRIGGER":"true","SUPERVISOR_LOCAL_MODE":"true","SUPERVISOR_CONNECTIVITY_CHECK":"true","SUPERVISOR_LOG_CONTROL":"true","SUPERVISOR_DELTA":"false","SUPERVISOR_DELTA_REQUEST_TIMEOUT":"59000","SUPERVISOR_DELTA_APPLY_TIMEOUT":"0","SUPERVISOR_DELTA_RETRY_COUNT":"30","SUPERVISOR_DELTA_RETRY_INTERVAL":"10000","SUPERVISOR_DELTA_VERSION":"2","SUPERVISOR_OVERRIDE_LOCK":"false","SUPERVISOR_PERSISTENT_LOGGING":"false","HOST_FIREWALL_MODE":"","HOST_DISCOVERABILITY":"true","SUPERVISOR_HARDWARE_METRICS":"true","SUPERVISOR_VPN_CONTROL":"false","HOST_CONFIG_disable_overscan":"1","HOST_CONFIG_dtparam":"\"audio=on\",\"i2c_arm=on\",\"spi=on\",\"audio=on\"","HOST_CONFIG_disable_splash":"1","HOST_CONFIG_avoid_warnings":"1","HOST_CONFIG_dtoverlay":"\"vc4-fkms-v3d\",\"disable-bt\",\"pps-gpio,gpiopin=18,capture_clear\"","HOST_CONFIG_enable_uart":"1","HOST_CONFIG_gpu_mem":"16"},"apps":{"1":{"name":"localapp","commit":"localrelease","releaseId":"1","services":{"1":{"environment":{"DBUS_ADDRESS":"unix:path=/session/dbus/session_bus_socket","DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_ADDRESS":"unix:path=/host/run/dbus/system_bus_socket"},"labels":{"io.balena.features.dbus":"1","io.balena.features.kernel-modules":"1","io.balena.features.sysfs":"1","io.balena.features.supervisor-api":"1"},"container_name":"gpsTime","restart":"unless-stopped","privileged":true,"ipc":"host","devices":["/dev/ttyAMA0:/dev/ttyAMA0","/dev/pps0:/dev/pps0","/dev/rtc:/dev/rtc"],"ports":["123","123/udp"],"imageId":1,"serviceName":"gpsTime","serviceId":1,"image":"local_gpstime","running":true}},"volumes":{},"networks":{}}}},"dependent":{"apps":[],"devices":[]}}
[Debug] Sending request to http://192.168.16.2:48484/v2/local/target-state
> [Debug] Sending target state: {"local":{"name":"local","config":{"SUPERVISOR_POLL_INTERVAL":"900000","SUPERVISOR_INSTANT_UPDATE_TRIGGER":"true","SUPERVISOR_LOCAL_MODE":"true","SUPERVISOR_CONNECTIVITY_CHECK":"true","SUPERVISOR_LOG_CONTROL":"true","SUPERVISOR_DELTA":"false","SUPERVISOR_DELTA_REQUEST_TIMEOUT":"59000","SUPERVISOR_DELTA_APPLY_TIMEOUT":"0","SUPERVISOR_DELTA_RETRY_COUNT":"30","SUPERVISOR_DELTA_RETRY_INTERVAL":"10000","SUPERVISOR_DELTA_VERSION":"2","SUPERVISOR_OVERRIDE_LOCK":"false","SUPERVISOR_PERSISTENT_LOGGING":"false","HOST_FIREWALL_MODE":"","HOST_DISCOVERABILITY":"true","SUPERVISOR_HARDWARE_METRICS":"true","SUPERVISOR_VPN_CONTROL":"false","HOST_CONFIG_disable_overscan":"1","HOST_CONFIG_dtparam":"\"audio=on\",\"i2c_arm=on\",\"spi=on\",\"audio=on\"","HOST_CONFIG_disable_splash":"1","HOST_CONFIG_avoid_warnings":"1","HOST_CONFIG_dtoverlay":"\"vc4-fkms-v3d\",\"disable-bt\",\"pps-gpio,gpiopin=18,capture_clear\"","HOST_CONFIG_enable_uart":"1","HOST_CONFIG_gpu_mem":"16"},"apps":{"1":{"name":"localapp","commit":"localrelease","releaseId":"1","services":{"1":{"environment":{"DBUS_ADDRESS":"unix:path=/session/dbus/session_bus_socket","DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_ADDRESS":"unix:path=/host/run/dbus/system_bus_socket"},"labels":{"io.balena.features.dbus":"1","io.balena.features.kernel-modules":"1","io.balena.features.sysfs":"1","io.balena.features.supervisor-api":"1"},"container_name":"gpsTime","restart":"unless-stopped","privileged":true,"ipc":"host","devices":["/dev/ttyAMA0:/dev/ttyAMA0","/dev/pps0:/dev/pps0","/dev/rtc:/dev/rtc"],"ports":["123","123/udp"],"imageId":1,"serviceName":"gpsTime","serviceId":1,"image":"local_gpstime","running":true}},"volumes":{},"networks":{}}}},"dependent":{"apps":[],"devices":[]}}21ffa7dd0cd4ecf6086d0f012c63f8cc7aea7e79a661c2102fc
[Debug] Sending request to http://192.168.16.2:48484/v2/local/target-state
>Debug] Device state not settled, retrying in 1000ms
[Debug] Sending request to http://192.168.16.2:48484/v2/local/device-info04 sender=:1.0 -> destination=:1.68 serial=1
[Live] Watching for file changes...
[Live] Waiting for device state to settle...ect path "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job/2111"
[Debug] Device state not settled, retrying in 1000ms
[Logs] [2022-8-30 18:51:03] Creating network 'default't bind to IPv6 port gpsd, Cannot assign requested address
[Debug] Device state not settled, retrying in 1000ms:50:57Z chronyd version 4.0 starting (+CMDMON +NTP +REFCLOCK +RTC
> [Logs] [2022-8-30 18:51:04] Installing service 'gpsTime sha256:9b77a21ffa7dd0cd4ecf6086d0f012c63f8cc7aea7e79a661c2102fc07ed8f30'
[Debug] Device state not settled, retrying in 1000ms
> [Logs] [2022-8-30 18:51:05] Installed service 'gpsTime sha256:9b77a21ffa7dd0cd4ecf6086d0f012c63f8cc7aea7e79a661c2102fc07ed8f30'
> [Logs] [2022-8-30 18:51:05] Starting service 'gpsTime sha256:9b77a21ffa7dd0cd4ecf6086d0f012c63f8cc7aea7e79a661c2102fc07ed8f30'
> [Logs] [2022-8-30 18:51:09] Started service 'gpsTime sha256:9b77a21ffa7dd0cd4ecf6086d0f012c63f8cc7aea7e79a661c2102fc07ed8f30'
[Debug] Device state not settled, retrying in 1000ms
> [Logs] [2022-8-30 18:50:55] [gpsTime] method return time=1661878255.323304 sender=:1.0 -> destination=:1.68 serial=1528 reply_serial=2
[Logs] [2022-8-30 18:50:55] [gpsTime] object path "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job/2111"
[Live] Device state settled
[Logs] [2022-8-30 18:50:56] [gpsTime] gpsd:ERROR: can't bind to IPv6 port gpsd, Cannot assign requested address
> [Logs] [2022-8-30 18:50:57] [gpsTime] 2022-08-30T16:50:57Z chronyd version 4.0 starting (+CMDMON +NTP +REFCLOCK +RTC +PRIVDROP +SCFILTER +SIGND +ASYNCDNS +NTS +SECHASH +IPV6 -DEBUG)